Stream 01 · Solid fuel
GRC88® Biocoal
Baseline heat and power — sustainable, low-cost green energy that blends or burns seamlessly with coal at approximately 12,500 BTU/lb.
Revenue chains
Many revenue streams from one platform.
Permanente's platform turns abundant, low-cost feedstocks into simultaneous revenue streams — green-energy products, engineered wood, and animal feed from biomass; critical minerals made faster and cheaper to extract from red mud; and upgraded sour heavy crude and lignite — at volumes measured in millions of tons per year.
The economics are driven from both ends: by what goes in (abundant, low-cost feedstock as a structural cost advantage) and by what comes out (products that price directly into existing markets).
01 / The double revenue stream
On both sides of the co-processed stream, cost becomes revenue.
An estimated 5.2 billion tons of red mud are stockpiled worldwide, growing by up to 190 million tons each year. PIPE™ reactor co-processing neutralizes red mud's caustic alkalinity against the acidity of biomass pyrolysis — without added reagents — making rare-earth and critical-mineral extraction viable while generating both energy and mineral revenue simultaneously.
Biomass side
10×+VALUE OVER PROCESSING COST
Economic uplift from waste cellulosic feedstock to finished green-energy product, projected at more than 10× processing cost.
Red mud side
10–20×REVENUE OVER WASTE-MGMT COST
A perpetual, uncapped waste-management expense becomes a perpetual revenue stream projected at not less than 10×, and as much as 20×, the ongoing cost.
Red mud stockpile
5.2BTONS OF RED MUD
Accumulated globally, growing by up to 190 million tons each year — the feedstock for the mineral revenue stream.
Reactor throughput
1M+TONS/YR PER REACTOR
A single PIPE™ reactor scales beyond 1,000,000 tons per year; platform output reaches millions.
Liability to asset
For the aluminum industry, red mud converts from liability to asset. For the United States and its allies, a strategic stockpile of critical minerals — long considered economically inaccessible — becomes economically accessible at last.
02 / Output revenue streams
Ten revenue lines from a single platform.
Each output substitutes into an existing market at its existing scale — with no special-purpose machinery, equipment, or capital-intensive conversion required.
Stream 02 · Metallurgical
GRC88® Biocoke
Green EAF steel, ferrosilicon refining, and pig-iron smelting — a direct substitute for fossil metallurgical coal.
Stream 03 · Carbon sink
GRC88® Biochar
Soil amendments, improved crop yields, and water and air filtration — sequestering approximately 2.8 tons of CO2 per ton applied.
Stream 04 · Liquid
GRC88® Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil)
Fuel for power generation, including powering electrolyzers for green hydrogen; feedstock for chemicals, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), DME, diesels, phenols, and plastics; and roadway slurry and asphalt.
Stream 05 · Marine & power
GRC88® Marine Fuel
Ships, island power generation, data centers, and peak shaving — a drop-in for a 330-million-ton market.
Stream 06 · Critical minerals Invented · patents pending
Minerals & rare-earth elements
PIPE™ co-processing converts the hematite in red mud to magnetite for magnetic iron removal, making rare-earth elements, including scandium, neodymium and yttrium, and the critical minerals gallium and titanium dioxide faster and cheaper to extract.
Stream 07 · Upgraded crude Patented
Sulfur & heavy metals captured
Co-processing with biomass moves sulfur and heavy metals such as vanadium and nickel out of sour heavy crude and into a solid char — upgrading the oil and capturing the contaminants.
Stream 08 · Solid fuel Patented
Upgraded lignite
Low-rank, low-energy lignite co-processed into a cleaner-burning, higher-energy solid fuel.
Stream 09 · Materials Patented
Engineered wood products
Ammonia-treatment densification more than doubles the density of low-value and juvenile fiber, yielding stronger, harder structural wood and densified feedstock for biocoke.
Stream 10 · Agriculture Patented
Animal feed
Affordable, palatable, protein-enhanced nutrition, made at industrial scale from low-value agribusiness by-products.
GRC88® fuels and biochar derive from the biomass feedstock and remain free of sulfur, heavy metals, and toxics; minerals and contaminants from co-processed feeds are separated into their own product streams.
03 / Feedstock abundance
The cost advantage starts with abundance.
Permanente's primary feedstock is sustainable wood fiber and agricultural residue drawn from domestic and worldwide sources. Co-processing configurations add industrial and fossil residues. There has never been a shortage of feedstock — only an absence of technology to process it.
Feedstock 01
Forest silviculture & residues
Thinning, whole trees, snags, off-spec species, juvenile and low-density fiber, and logging slash — tops, limbs, butts, root balls — plus sawmilling and panel residuals: bark, slabs, planer shavings, chips, sawdust, trim ends, and sander dust.
Feedstock 02
Fire- and bug-killed fiber
Standing or down dead wood, culled fiber, future wildfire fuel, and the clearing of firebreaks, roadways, power-line rights-of-way, and large brush.
Feedstock 03
Urban wood waste
Construction residues, recycled industrial fabrication and forming wood, pallets, crating, boxes, fences, cabinets, frames, millwork residues, and solid wood trash.
Feedstock 04
Urban green waste
Land-clearing wood with sufficient solid content, all tree types including palm trunks and fronds, pruning, and large brush — ground or chipped.
Feedstock 05
Agribusiness by-products
Orchard removals, trimmings, and pruning, plus shells, pits, hulls, straw, stalks, stover, gin trash, bagasse, and cultivated grasses — for energy products and for animal feed.
Feedstock 06 · Co-processing
Red mud
Bauxite-refining residue: an estimated 5.2 billion tons stockpiled worldwide, growing by up to 190 million tons a year.
Feedstock 07 · Co-processing
Sour heavy crude
High-sulfur, metal-laden heavy crude that trades at a discount for the cost of cleaning it.
Feedstock 08 · Co-processing
Lignite
Abundant low-rank coal whose low energy content and high moisture limit its value as a fuel.